| HISTORY | ||
Ancient ChessThe history of chess is still obscure among many historians, since they do not know much about the origin of chess or who was its creator. There are beliefs that chess was originally created in India around A.D. 600 or even earlier. Then, it is thought that the game spread to Persia. The chess game spread to Persia's neighbor countries after it was conquered by the Arabs. Chess was brought to Spain in the early 700's by the Muslims. By 1000, this popular board game had spread throughout Europe.Modern ChessDuring the 1500's, the modern era of chess began. It was during this time of period that the moves of the game began to change, and it started to take the present form. For example, the queen was created to honor the women who were gaining more influence during the 1700's. Later on, chess tournaments began. The title of the first world champion of chess was given to a Frenchman named Philidor who played in the 1700's. Bobby Fischer became the first American to win the official chess tournament in 1972 when he defeated the soviet Boris Spassky in the most publicized chess match ever. Fischer's title was taken away by the FIDE (Federation Internationale des Echecs) in 1972 because he refused to play the challenger Anatoly Karpov of the Soviet Union while following federation rules.World champion Garry Kasparov
and former challgenger Nigel Short had a dispute with FIDE over some details
of their championship match. As a result, they set up a rival organization
known as the PCA (Professional Chess Association). With the PCA title at
stake, Kasparov defeated Short in a match that caused their banishment
from FIDE's next championship competition. Although they play in diferrent
federarions, Karpov and Kasparov are considered the greatest players of
the world.
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